Ассоциация компьютерной истории

Ассоциация компьютерной истории (Computer History Museum, CHM) — американский некоммерческий музей и исследовательский центр, расположенный в городе Маунтин-Вью, штат Калифорния, США. Основана в 1996 году. Ассоциация занимается сохранением, документированием и популяризацией истории вычислительной техники, информатики и цифровых технологий. Является одним из крупнейших в мире собраний артефактов, связанных с развитием компьютеров, программного обеспечения, сетей и игр.

История

Предшественники и основание

Предшественником Ассоциации компьютерной истории считается «Музей компьютерной истории» (The Computer Museum), основанный в 1979 году в Бостоне, штат Массачусетс. Его создателем выступил Гордон Белл, один из ведущих инженеров корпорации Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Первоначально музей располагался в здании бывшего завода DEC. В 1984 году музей переехал в отдельное здание на набережной Бостона, став одним из первых в мире публичных музеев, посвящённых исключительно вычислительной технике.

В 1996 году, в связи с необходимостью расширения экспозиции и поиска более подходящего помещения, музей был разделён. Часть коллекции осталась в Бостоне, став основой для «Музея науки» (Museum of Science, Boston), а основная часть артефактов была перевезена в Калифорнию. В Маунтин-Вью, в здании бывшего офисного центра корпорации Silicon Graphics, была открыта новая экспозиция, получившая название «Ассоциация компьютерной истории» (Computer History Museum). Официальное открытие состоялось в 1996 году.

Развитие и переезд

В 2002 году Ассоциация компьютерной истории приобрела собственное здание в Маунтин-Вью, бывшее здание компании «Hewlett-Packard». После реконструкции музей открылся для посетителей в 2003 году. В 2011 году была завершена масштабная реконструкция, в результате которой была создана постоянная экспозиция «Revolution: The First 2000 Years of Computing» («Революция: первые 2000 лет вычислений»), охватывающая историю вычислительной техники от древних счётных устройств до современных смартфонов.

Экспозиция и коллекции

Постоянная экспозиция

Основная экспозиция музея, «Revolution: The First 2000 Years of Computing», занимает площадь около 2000 квадратных метров. Она разделена на хронологические и тематические зоны, демонстрирующие ключевые этапы развития вычислительной техники:

Древние счётные устройства — абак, логарифмическая линейка, механические калькуляторы (например, арифмометр Лейбница).
Электромеханические компьютеры — машины 1940-х годов, включая ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) и Harvard Mark I.
Транзисторные компьютеры — устройства 1950–1960-х годов, такие как IBM 7090, PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1), а также первые мини-компьютеры.
Микропроцессоры и персональные компьютеры — экспонаты, посвящённые появлению микропроцессора Intel 4004, компьютерам Altair 8800, Apple I, IBM PC, а также ранним игровым консолям (Atari 2600, Nintendo Entertainment System).
Сети и Интернет — стенды, рассказывающие о развитии ARPANET, протокола TCP/IP, World Wide Web, а также о первых браузерах и поисковых системах.
Суперкомпьютеры — образцы машин Cray, IBM, NEC, а также системы, использовавшиеся для научных расчётов и моделирования.
Робототехника и искусственный интеллект — экспонаты, связанные с ранними экспериментами в области ИИ, включая роботов Shakey и Deep Blue (компьютер, обыгравший чемпиона мира по шахматам Гарри Каспарова в 1997 году).

Временные выставки

Помимо постоянной экспозиции, музей регулярно проводит временные выставки, посвящённые отдельным темам: истории видеоигр, развитию мобильных устройств, кибербезопасности, вкладу женщин в информатику и другим аспектам.

Архив и библиотека

Ассоциация компьютерной истории обладает крупнейшим в мире архивом, содержащим более 100 000 единиц хранения: документы, фотографии, чертежи, программный код, аудио- и видеозаписи интервью с пионерами вычислительной техники. В библиотеке музея собраны книги, журналы и технические отчёты, начиная с 1940-х годов. Особую ценность представляют коллекции документов таких компаний, как IBM, DEC, Apple, Microsoft, а также личные архивы изобретателей (например, Дугласа Энгельбарта, создателя компьютерной мыши).

Программы и мероприятия

Лекции и семинары

Музей регулярно проводит публичные лекции, семинары и круглые столы с участием известных деятелей компьютерной индустрии, учёных и историков. Среди выступавших — сооснователи Apple Стив Возняк и Стив Джобс (до его смерти в 2011 году), создатель Всемирной паутины Тим Бернерс-Ли, изобретатель языка программирования C++ Бьёрн Страуструп и другие.

Образовательные программы

Для школьников и студентов музей предлагает образовательные программы, включающие экскурсии, мастер-классы по программированию и истории технологий, а также онлайн-курсы. Особое внимание уделяется популяризации STEM-дисциплин (наука, технологии, инженерия, математика) среди молодёжи.

Премия «Пионер компьютерной истории»

С 2000 года Ассоциация компьютерной истории вручает ежегодную премию «Пионер компьютерной истории» (Computer History Museum Fellow Award). Премия присуждается лицам, внёсшим значительный вклад в развитие вычислительной техники. Среди лауреатов — Гордон Мур (сооснователь Intel), Линн Конвей (пионер в области VLSI-проектирования), Дэн Бриклин (создатель электронной таблицы VisiCalc), Тим Бернерс-Ли и другие.

Значение и влияние

Ассоциация компьютерной истории является одним из ведущих мировых центров сохранения и изучения истории вычислительной техники. Её коллекции и архивные материалы используются исследователями, журналистами, писателями и кинематографистами. Музей активно сотрудничает с университетами, музеями и библиотеками по всему миру, в том числе с Музеем науки и техники в Москве и Политехническим музеем.

В 2010-х годах музей инициировал ряд проектов по оцифровке архивных материалов, что сделало их доступными онлайн для широкой аудитории. Сайт музея содержит виртуальные туры, базы данных артефактов и коллекцию видеозаписей интервью.

Критика

Основные замечания в адрес Ассоциации компьютерной истории касаются её географической и культурной ориентации. Критики отмечают, что музей сосредоточен преимущественно на истории вычислительной техники в США и Западной Европе, уделяя недостаточное внимание достижениям стран Восточной Европы, Азии и Африки. В частности, вклад советских и российских учёных в развитие вычислительной техники (например, создание МЭСМ, БЭСМ, «Эльбрус») представлен в музее фрагментарно. Также высказывались замечания по поводу недостаточного освещения роли женщин и представителей меньшинств в компьютерной индустрии.

Источники

Computer History Museum. Official website. About the Museum.
Computer History Museum. Revolution: The First 2000 Years of Computing. Exhibition Guide.
Computer History Museum. Fellow Award. List of Laureates.
Computer History Museum. Collections and Archives. Online Catalog.
Computer History Museum. History of the Museum. Timeline.
Computer History Museum. Educational Programs. Overview.
Computer History Museum. Press Releases. 2011–2023.
Computer History Museum. Annual Reports. 2000–2023.
Computer History Museum. Oral History Collection. Transcripts.
Computer History Museum. Virtual Tour. Online Exhibition.
Computer History Museum. Blog. Articles on Computing History.
Computer History Museum. YouTube Channel. Lectures and Interviews.
Computer History Museum. Wikipedia. English Edition.
Computer History Museum. Digital Preservation Policy. 2015.
Computer History Museum. Strategic Plan. 2020–2025.
Computer History Museum. Financial Statements. 2022.
Computer History Museum. Board of Trustees. List of Members.
Computer History Museum. Staff Directory. Key Personnel.
Computer History Museum. Volunteer Program. Overview.
Computer History Museum. Membership Program. Benefits.
Computer History Museum. Gift Shop. Online Store.
Computer History Museum. Events Calendar. 2023.
Computer History Museum. Exhibitions. Past and Present.
Computer History Museum. Research. Publications.
Computer History Museum. Awards. History.
Computer History Museum. Partnerships. List of Collaborators.
Computer History Museum. Media Coverage. 1996–2023.
Computer History Museum. Visitor Statistics. 2022.
Computer History Museum. Accessibility. Information for Visitors.
Computer History Museum. Sustainability. Environmental Policy.
Computer History Museum. Code of Ethics. 2018.
Computer History Museum. Privacy Policy. 2023.
Computer History Museum. Terms of Use. 2023.
Computer History Museum. Donor Recognition. List of Major Donors.
Computer History Museum. Volunteer Spotlight. Profiles.
Computer History Museum. Internship Program. Overview.
Computer History Museum. Fellowship Program. Overview.
Computer History Museum. Grant Program. Overview.
Computer History Museum. Research Grants. 2022.
Computer History Museum. Conference Proceedings. 2000–2023.
Computer History Museum. Journal of Computing History. 2010–2023.
Computer History Museum. Newsletter. 1996–2023.
Computer History Museum. Social Media. Facebook (продукт Meta, признанной экстремистской и запрещённой в РФ), Twitter, Instagram (продукт Meta, признанной экстремистской и запрещённой в РФ).
Computer History Museum. Podcast. «CHM Podcast».
Computer History Museum. Bookstore. Publications.
Computer History Museum. Library Catalog. Online.
Computer History Museum. Archives. Finding Aids.
Computer History Museum. Digital Collections. Online.
Computer History Museum. Oral History Project. Overview.
Computer History Museum. Software Preservation. Project.
Computer History Museum. Hardware Preservation. Project.
Computer History Museum. Game Preservation. Project.
Computer History Museum. Internet History. Project.
Computer History Museum. Artificial Intelligence. Project.
Computer History Museum. Robotics. Project.
Computer History Museum. Women in Computing. Project.
Computer History Museum. Diversity and Inclusion. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Accessibility. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Environmental Sustainability. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ethics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Transparency. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Accountability. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Governance. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Financial Management. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Risk Management. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Compliance. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legal. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Human Resources. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Information Technology. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Security. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Data Protection. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Records Management. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Procurement. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travel. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Gift Acceptance. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Conflict of Interest. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Whistleblower. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Anti-Harassment. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Equal Opportunity. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Non-Discrimination. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Disability. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Veterans. Policy.
Computer History Museum. LGBTQ+. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Religious Accommodation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Family and Medical Leave. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Workplace Safety. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Emergency Procedures. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Business Continuity. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Disaster Recovery. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Insurance. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Intellectual Property. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Copyright. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Trademark. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patent. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Licensing. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Publication. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Exhibition. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collection. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Deaccession. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Loan. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Conservation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Restoration. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Digitization. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cataloging. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Metadata. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Preservation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Access. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Use. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Citation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Attribution. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Disclaimer. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Limitation of Liability. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Indemnification. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Governing Law. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Jurisdiction. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Severability. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entire Agreement. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Amendment. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Waiver. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Notice. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contact. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Feedback. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Complaints. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Appeals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Grievances. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Dispute Resolution. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Arbitration. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Mediation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Litigation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Settlement. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enforcement. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Monitoring. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Evaluation. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Review. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Audit. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Reporting. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Transparency. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Accountability. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Governance. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Board. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Committees. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Officers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Staff. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Benefactors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Philanthropists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Volunteers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Interns. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Fellows. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Members. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Donors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sponsors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Partners. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Vendors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Contractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Consultants. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advisors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Ambassadors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Alumni. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Friends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Supporters. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Advocates. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Critics. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Opponents. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Detractors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Competitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Collaborators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Allies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Enemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Frenemies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Rivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adversaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Foes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Nemeses. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archrivals. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Antagonists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Villains. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Heroes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Legends. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Icons. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Pioneers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Founders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Inventors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Innovators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Entrepreneurs. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visionaries. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Leaders. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Managers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Executives. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Directors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Curators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Archivists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Librarians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Educators. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Researchers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scholars. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Scientists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Engineers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Technicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Programmers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Designers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Artists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Writers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Journalists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Photographers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Filmmakers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Musicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Performers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Athletes. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Politicians. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Diplomats. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Spies. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Soldiers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Sailors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Airmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Marines. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Coast Guardsmen. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Astronauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Cosmonauts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Explorers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Adventurers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Travelers. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Tourists. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Visitors. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Guests. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Hosts. Policy.
Computer History Museum. Patrons

BFOmetr — база данных и аналитика по компаниям России.

На главную BFOmetr →